भारत के दक्षिण का रहस्य जानिये | Mysterious South India

भारत के दक्षिण का रहस्य जानिये | Mysterious South India

South India is the area encompassing the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area (635,780 km2 or 245,480 sq mi). Covering the southern part of the peninsular Deccan Plateau, South India is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south. The geography of the region is diverse with two mountain ranges – the Western and Eastern Ghats, bordering the plateau heartland. Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra and Vaigai rivers are important non-perennial sources of water.

The majority of the people in South India speak the four major Dravidian languages: Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam. Some states/UTs also recognize a minority language, such as Urdu in Telangana,[1] French in Puducherry and Bengali in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Tulu is the next most spoken Dravidian language next to those four languages. The Tulu speakers are mostly concentrated in Dakshina Kannada (48%) and in some parts of Udupi District (31%) of Karnataka, along with a portion of the Kasaragod District of Kerala. Besides these languages, English is used by both central and state governments for communication purposes and is used on all public signboards.

During its history, a number of dynastic kingdoms ruled over parts of South India and the Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent across southern and southeastern Asia impacted the history and culture in those regions. Major dynasties that were established in South India include the Cheras, Cholas, Pandyas, Pallavas, Satavahanas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Madurai, Bahmani, Deccan Sultanates, Kadambas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagara, Maratha Empire and Mysore. European invaders entered India through Kerala.

South India witnessed sustained growth in per capita income and population, structural changes in the economy, an increased pace of technological innovation.[2] South India was colonized under Portuguese India and British Raj. The Hyderabad State ruled by the Nizams was the last princely state of India.

After experiencing fluctuations in the decades immediately after Indian independence, the economies of South Indian states have registered a higher-than-national average growth over the past three decades. While South Indian states have improved in some socio-economic metrics, poverty continues to affect the region much like the rest of the country, although it has considerably decreased over the years. HDI in the southern states is high and the economy has undergone growth at a faster rate than most northern states. Literacy rates in the southern states is higher than the national average with approximately 81% of the population capable of reading and writing. The fertility rate in South India is 1.9, the lowest of all regions in India.

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